制度视角下社会网络交易费用分析     

杨照东  郭泽英  任义科 《未来与发展》2016,(9):58-61

一般认为,社会网络可以降低市场交易费用,这种观点是把社会网络作为资本来看待。事实上,社会网络可作为市场机制的一种替代制度安排,其本身同样会产生交易费用。由于社会网络作用的依赖性、不确定性以及资产的专有性,只有健全市场机制和提高社会关系网络的组织化才能有效降低社会网络产生的交易费用。  相似文献   

技术标准联盟价值创造解析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

曾德明  彭盾  张运生 《软科学》2006,20(3):5-8,22

技术标准联盟的出现是一种复杂的技术、经济现象,有其深刻的历史必然性,蕴含着经济全球化和知识经济时代的丰富内涵。法律所赋予技术专利的极强专属性和高度不可模仿性,无疑使其成为了技术标准联盟价值创造的源泉。联盟成员企业通过“化敌为友”、“综合利用”、“学习内化”三种途径创造价值;通过周而复始的“组织学习”,实现技术标准联盟的升级与扩展。  相似文献   

信息技术和现代管理变革   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

岳毅宏  韩文秀 《中国软科学》2002,(1):61-64

本文首先概括了现代管理变革在管理、组织结构、管理技术和管理策略中的具体表现，然后分析了信息技术在这些变革中所起的作用，最后研究了EIA模型，为企业信息化建设提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

Manipulating cognitive engagement in preparation-to-collaborate tasks and the effects on learning     

《Learning and Instruction》2017

While collaborating with a peer can be highly beneficial for learning, more work is needed to understand how instructional activities in collaborative contexts should be designed so as to maximize learning outcomes. To address this, we investigated the impact of different types of preparatory and cognitively engaging tasks on learning from collaborating, using a 2 × 2 experimental study conducted in situ in four introductory psychology classes. We compared individual preparation versus no-preparation and “active” versus “constructive” tasks. A dyadic multilevel analysis showed that preparation prior to collaborating led to better deep learning outcomes, but that the type of preparation did not have a significant effect. We include an exploratory analysis of student dialogues during collaboration to further interpret our findings. We propose that a cognitively engaging preparation phase may lead to better learning because it encourages students to collaborate constructively even when the type of task does not elicit such engagement.  相似文献   

Balancing Cultural Diversity and Social Cohesion in Education: The Potential of Shared Education in Divided Contexts     

Rebecca Loader  Joanne Hughes 《British Journal of Educational Studies》2017,65(1):3-25

This article considers how the education systems of divided societies have been shaped in response to the experience of ethnic and religious conflict. The analysis identifies two competing priorities in such contexts – the development of social cohesion and the protection of cultural, ethnic and religious identities – and explores how these may be reconciled through a model of ‘shared education’. Drawing on research evidence and recent experience of shared education in Northern Ireland, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Cyprus, we reflect on the advantages and challenges of this model in areas experiencing conflict and division.  相似文献   

Departmentalized,Self-Contained,or Somewhere in Between: Understanding Elementary Grade-Level Organizational Decision-Making     

Audra Parker  Lori Rakes  Katie Arndt 《The Educational forum》2017,81(3):236-255

Recent trends indicate a move away from self-contained classrooms and toward content-focused departmentalization in elementary schools. This study takes a snapshot of the existing organizational structures used in elementary schools in one district and explores administrators’ beliefs and practices regarding this phenomenon. Our findings suggest administrators base their decisions to organize grade levels on various factors, including their own experiences, contextual dynamics, and personal perceptions of outcomes for students and teachers.  相似文献   

Interagency collaboration: Strengthening substance abuse resources in child welfare     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

Supporting child welfare (CW) workers’ ability to accurately assess substance abuse needs and link families to appropriate services is critical given the high prevalence of parental substance use disorders (SUD) among CW-involved cases. Several barriers hinder this process, including CW workers’ lack of expertise for identifying SUD needs and scarcity of treatment resources. Drawing from theories and emergent literature on interagency collaboration, this study examined the role of collaboration in increasing the availability of resources for identifying and treating SUDs in CW agencies. Using data from the second cohort of families from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, study findings highlight a lack of SUD resources available to CW workers. On the other hand, the availability of SUD resources was increased when CW agencies had a memorandum of understanding, co-location of staff, and more intense collaboration with drug and alcohol service (DAS) providers. These results provide evidence to support efforts to improve collaboration between CW and DAS providers and showcase specific collaboration strategies to implement in order to improve service delivery.  相似文献   

Cross-sector collaboration in upper secondary school vocational education: experiences from two industrial towns in Sweden and Norway     

Grete Rusten  Brita Hermelin 《Journal of Education & Work》2017,30(8):813-826

This study explores industry–education collaboration on vocational education and training (VET) in upper secondary schools in Sweden and Norway, with particular attention to the initiatives, organisation and operational management, and aspects of robustness and lock-in effects. The case studies include two upper secondary schools situated in manufacturing based towns, which are similar in size and industrial structure, and have the dual system of education. Pupils come from these towns and other places in the surrounding region. The research design is based on a mixed-method approach, including interviews and other sources of information from schools and industry. This covered organisational and operational levels, corporate motives and arrangements, industrial composition, labour market conditions, and other regional and national characteristics. The results demonstrated how shared goals of improving the reputation and quality of VET and meeting industries’ needs for skills formed in two distinct organisational models. These findings raise concerns about the robustness of these collaborations, since how changes occur in companies’ economic situations may affect their ability and motivation to participate in VET training. The authors conclude that the arrangements have had success but may create a lock-in-situation regarding the companies’ ability to restructure and develop new skills for new sectors.  相似文献   

加强国有商业银行基层机构内控制度建设     

汪颖玲  李慧 《黄山学院学报》2002,4(1):121-124

20世纪90年代以来,全球金融危机不断爆发,商业银行内部控制制度不健全是危机爆发的主要原因之一。在吸取金融危机教训,借鉴国际经验的基础上,我国国有商业银行逐步加强内部控制。但不良资产居高不下、信贷资产质量低下等现象揭示了国有商业银行内控制度建设依然存在不足,而这一不足在基层金融机构尤为突出。本文从分析国有商业银行基层机构内控制度建设现状入手,从岗位责任、业务控制、授权授信、信息反馈、决策程序、内部稽查、考核奖惩等七项制度论述了加强基层机构内控制度建设的主要内容,并对健全基层机构内部控制制度的内部保障与外部协调等因素进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

组织政治:学校管理的新视角     

陈能浩 《高教论坛》2003,(3):138-140

组织政治存在于任何组织，它影响总组织绩效和组织成员绩效。在简要介绍西方组织政治研究的产生、发展、概念和对组织影响的基础上，提出对学校管理的一些建议。  相似文献